Generate permutation in sql server (set based)

First of all, what you want is combinations not permutations.
See this article from Steve Jones for a good discussion of the differences

The trick here is to generate a recursive cte that gives you all the combinations, summing the matches and runs is a simple next step. The combination cte is controlled by only adding playerids that are greater than the one you started with (cte.playerid < m.playerid), and where that playerid isn't already in the combination string (playercomb not like '%'+ cast(m.playerid as varchar) + '%').

Try this

declare @Matches table (
    PlayerID int,
    MatchPlayed int,
    RunsMade int
    )

insert into @Matches select 1,10,200
insert into @Matches select 2,5,100
insert into @Matches select 3,8,24
insert into @Matches select 4,30,50

--select * from @matches

;with cte (playerid, playercomb, matchplayed, RunsMade) 
as 
(
select 
    playerid, 
    cast(playerid as varchar(max)), 
    matchplayed,
    RunsMade
from @matches
union all
    select 
       m.playerid, 
       playercomb +','+cast(m.playerid as varchar), 
       cte.matchplayed + m.matchplayed,
       cte.RunsMade + m.RunsMade
from cte 
join @matches m on cte.playerid < m.playerid 
                   and playercomb not like '%'+ cast(m.playerid as varchar) + ',%'
)

select playercomb, matchplayed, RunsMade
from cte 

Is the ordering important?